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Objective:To analyze the mechanism of Danpi-Chishao in treatment of sepsis based on network pharmacology.Methods:The corresponding targets of Danpi-Chishao and sepsis were carried out through TCMSP database, OMIM database and Genecards database. Cystoscope 3.8.2 software was used to construct the " Chinese medicine-active components-target-disease" network diagram. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were carried out by DAVID database. Weisheng cloud platform was used to draw bubble map.Results:A total of 36 effective components of Danpi-Chishao was obtained, mainly including quercetin, kaempferol, baicalin, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, paeoniflorin and so on. There were 96 potential common key targets between Danpi-Chishao and sepsis, such as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), transcription factor p65 (RELA), phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma (PIK3CG), B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2)-associated X (BAX), BCL-2, Caspase-3 (CASP3) with a degree value>4.9. The result of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis showed that there were 10 important target proteins, including alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), CASP3, PTGS2, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2). The pathways obtained by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis included atherosclerosis pathway, advanced glycation end products (AGE)-receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) signal pathway, cancer pathway, tumor necrosis factor signal pathway, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signal pathway, IL-17 signal pathway and other pathway.Conclusions:The mechanism of the intervention effect of Danpi-Chishao on sepsis may be that the active components such as quercetin, kaempferol, paeoniflorin act on target proteins such as PTGS2, RELA, PIK3CG, BAX, BCL2, CASP3, and through TNF-related signal pathway, HIF-1 signal pathway, IL-17 signal pathway, etc. Nonetheless, the conclusion needs further experimental verification.
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The ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was used to conduct the qualitative analysis of the monoterpene chemical components from Paeoniae Radix Rubra. Gradient elution was performed on C_(18) HD(2.1 mm×100 mm, 2.5 μm) column with a mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid(A) and acetonitrile(B). The flow rate was 0.4 mL·min~(-1) and the column temperature was 30 ℃. MS analysis was conducted in both positive and negative ionization modes using electrospray ionization(ESI) source. Qualitative Analysis 10.0 was used for data processing. The identification of chemical components was realized by the combination of standard compounds, fragmentation patterns, and mass spectra data reported in the literature. Forty-one monoterpenoids in Paeoniae Radix Rubra extract were identified. Among them, 8 compounds were reported in Paeoniae Radix Rubra for the first time and 1 was presumed to be the new compound 5″-O-methyl-galloylpaeoniflorin or its positional isomer. The method in this study realizes the rapid identification of monoterpenoids from Paeoniae Radix Rubra and provides a material and scientific basis for quality control and further study on the pharmaceutical effect of Paeoniae Radix Rubra.
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Chromatography, Liquid , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Mass Spectrometry , MonoterpenesABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo observe the effects of Scutellariae Radix （SR）-Paeoniae Radix Rubra （PRR） combination of different proportions on the expression of the Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）/myeloid differentiation factor 88 （MyD88）/nuclear transcription factor κB （NF-κB） and phosphatidylinositol kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） signaling pathways in liver tissues of rats with hepatic fibrosis and explore the mechanism against hepatic fibrosis. MethodSixty male SD rats of SPF grade were randomly divided into a normal group， a model group， a positive control （silymarin） group， and SR-PRR 1∶1， SR-PRR 1∶2， and SR-PRR 1∶4 groups， with 10 rats in each group. The hepatic fibrosis model was induced in rats except for those in the normal group by intraperitoneal injection of 40% tetrachloromethane （CCl4）-olive oil solution at 3 mL·kg-1， 5 mL·kg-1 for the first time， for 8 weeks， twice per week. After 4 weeks， rats were treated correspondingly at 10 mL·kg-1 by intragastric administration， and the body weight of rats in each group was weighed for 8 weeks. After administration， histopathological changes in the liver were observed. Serum alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， hyaluronic acid （HA）， laminin （LN）， albumin （ALB）， alkaline phosphatase （AKP）， and superoxide dismutase （SOD） activities， malondialdehyde （MDA）， and hydroxyproline （HYP） content in liver tissues were detected. The mRNA expression levels of TLR4， MyD88， NF-κB， PI3K， Akt， and mTOR in the liver of rats were detected by real-time fluorescence-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultCompared with the model group， SR-PRR combination of different proportions could recover the body weight and improve the pathological injury of the liver. As revealed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） results， compared with the normal group， the model group showed increased ALT， AST， HA， LN， AKP， MDA， and HYP levels to different degrees （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the groups with drug intervention showed decreased levels of ALT， AST， HA， LN， AKP， MDA， and HYP， potentiated SOD activity， and increased level of ALB （P<0.05）. As revealed by Real-time PCR results， compared with the normal group， the model group showed increased mRNA expression of TLR4， MyD88， NF-κB， PI3K， Akt， and mTOR （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the groups with drug intervention showed reduced mRNA expression of TLR4， MyD88， NF-κB， PI3K， Akt， and mTOR in the liver of rats （P<0.05）. ConclusionSR-PRR combination of different proportions can improve the histopathological injury in liver tissues caused by CCl4， with the optimal effect observed in the SR-PRR 1∶4 group. SR-PRR may inhibit the development of liver fibrosis by inhibiting the expression of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways， thereby alleviating chemical-induced liver injury.
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Paeoniae Radix Rubra is a traditional Chinese medicine commonly used in clinical practice， it is mostly wild and widely distributed in different areas of China. In addition， the plant of Paeoniae Radix Rubra also has ornamental value. Modern phytochemical researches showed that the chemical constituents of Paeoniae Radix Rubra were complex. Up to now， more than 300 chemical constituents have been found， mainly including monoterpene glycosides， triterpenoids， flavonoids， tannins， phenolic acids， saccharides， steroids， volatile oils and so on. Among them， the content of monoterpene glycosides was the highest， and the types of volatile oil were the most. Paeoniae Radix Rubra has a wide range of pharmacological effects， exerting different curative effects in multiple systems such as blood， cardiovascular， nervous and digestive system. It can protect myocardial cells and nerve cells， stabilize microcirculation， anti-endotoxin， anti-atherosclerosis， reduce pulmonary hypertension， anti-depression， protect liver， anti-gastric ulcer， anti-tumor， slow down aging， treat Parkinson's syndrome and diabetes and its complications， anti-radiation， anti-inflammatory， anti-virus and so on. Through reviewing the literature on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Paeoniae Radix Rubra， it was found that total glycosides and monomers such as paeoniflorin， albiflorin， benzoylpaeoniflorin and gallic acid may be the main active components of Paeoniae Radix Rubra. At present， the research on Paeoniae Radix Rubra mainly focused on monoterpene glycosides， while the research on flavonoids and volatile oil in Paeoniae Radix Rubra was less. It is suggested that research on these two components should be strengthened in the future.
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Cerebral ischemia is one of the most common diseases in China, and the drug pair of Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Paeoniae Radix Rubra can intervene in cerebral ischemia to reduce the inflammatory response of cerebral ischemia and apoptosis. To reveal the intervention mechanism of Chuanxiong Rhizoma-Paeoniae Radix Rubra drug pair on cerebral ischemia systematically, computer network pharmacology technology was used in this paper to predict the target and signaling pathway of the drug pair on the intervention of cerebral ischemia, and then the molecular docking technology was used to further analyze the mechanism of the intervention. The target results were then verified by the rat cerebral ischemia model. The target network results showed that the active compounds of Chuanxiong Rhizoma-Paeoniae Radix Rubra for cerebral ischemic disease contained 30 compounds, 38 targets and 9 pathways. The main compounds included phenolic acids in Chuanxiong Rhizoma and monoterpene glycosides in Paeoniae Radix Rubra. The key targets involved mitogen-activated protein kinase 1(MAPK1), steroid receptor coactivator(SRC), epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR), mitogen-activated protein kinase 14(MAPK14), caspase-3(CASP3), caspase-7(CASP7), estrogen receptor 1(ESR1), and mitogen-activated protein kinase 8(MAPK8), etc. The target gene functions were biased towards protein kinase activity, protein autophosphorylation, peptidyl-serine phosphorylation and protein serine/threonine kinase activity, etc. The important KEGG pathways involved Ras signaling pathway, ErbB signaling pathway and VEGF signaling pathway. Molecular docking results showed that catechin, oxypaeoniflorin, albiflorin, paeoniflorin and benzoylpaeoniflorin had strong binding ability with MAPK1, SRC, EGFR, MAPK14 and CASP7. MCAO rat experimental results showed that Chuanxiong Rhizoma-Paeoniae Radix Rubra significantly improved the cerebral ischemia injury and interstitial edema, and significantly reduced the activation of caspase-7 and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2. The Chuanxiong Rhizoma-Paeoniae Radix Rubra drug pair alleviated cerebral ischemia injury through a network model of multi-phenotype intervention by promoting cell proliferation and differentiation, reducing inflammatory factor expression, protecting nerve cells from death and figh-ting against neuronal cell apoptosis, with its action signaling pathway most related to Ras signaling pathway, ErbB signaling pathway and VEGF signaling pathway. This study provides the basis for clinical intervention of Chuanxiong Rhizoma-Paeoniae Radix Rubra drug pair on cerebral ischemia, and also provides ideas for the modernization of drug pairs.
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Animals , Rats , Brain Ischemia/genetics , Cerebral Infarction , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Molecular Docking Simulation , Paeonia , RhizomeABSTRACT
Paeoniae Radix Rubra has the effects of clearing heat, cooling blood, dissipating blood stasis and pain relieving (in terms of Chinese medicine). Paeoniae Radix Rubra and its active ingredients have significant pharmacological effects in anti-tumor，protecting liver, nerve and heart. By reviewing the relevant literatures published in recent years, we found that the studies on Paeoniae Radix Rubra are mainly focused in the mechanism of action, drug development and clinical application. In this review, we summarize the research results of the pharmacological effects of Paeoniae Radix Rubra and its active ingredients in order to provide the reference for the future research and clinical application of Paeoniae Radix Rubra.
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Objective: A logistic regression model for grade evaluation of Paeoniae Radix Rubra medicinal slices was constructed based on the quality control idea of traditional Chinese medicines that "ingredients reflect activity and activity expresses effect". Methods: Q-marker content of paeoniflorin was tested by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Anticoagulation valence, inhibition rate of hydroxyl radical and DPPH clearance rate were used as evaluation indexes of biological activity. Correlations between paeoniflorin content in different batches and bioactivity indexes were analyzed by the logistic algorithm. Finally, a "principal component analysis-Logistic regression" model for grade evaluation of Paeoniae Radix Rubra was constructed. Results: According to grade evaluation results, the grade probability of different batches of Paeoniae Radix Rubra was higher than 95%. Among 16 batches of Paeoniae Radix Rubra, 15 batches were evaluated excellent, good and moderate (five for each), and one batch was evaluated poor. Conclusion: A new grade evaluation method for Paeoniae Radix Rubra medicinal slices is constructed preliminarily. It is applicable to quality evaluation of Paeoniae Radix Rubra medicinal slices.
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Objective: To observe the effect of extracts from Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma,Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Paeoniae Radix Rubra on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors(NMDAR1) in hippocampal neurons in rats with vascular dementia and investigate its possible mechanism. Method: The 60 SPF male rats were randomly divided into normal group, sham-operated group,model group, traditional Chinese medicine group(0.20 g·kg-1)and memantine group(2.1 mg·kg-1),with 12 rats in each group. The model was established by repeated ischemia-reperfusion combined with intraperitoneal injection of sodium nitroprusside. After modelling, normal group, sham-operated group and model group were dosed the similar volume of normal saline once a day for 14 days. The learning and memory capacity was assessed by Morris water maze; pathologic change in the CA1 district of hippocampus was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and the expression level of NMDAR1 in hippocampal neuron membrane protein was detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry(IHC),the NMDAR1 mRNA in hippocampal tissue was detected by Real-time PCR. Result:Compared with normal and sham-operated group, the latency period was prolonged in model group(PPPPPPPPConclusion:The extracts from Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma,Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Paeoniae Radix Rubra can improve the learning and memory capacity of rats with vascular dementia, and alleviate the injury in CA1 district of hippocampus. The mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of NMDAR1 expression in hippocampal neurons.
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Objective: Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of Paeoniae Radix Rubra (PRR) on ischemic stroke of mice. Methods: The focal ischemic stroke model was produced via middle cerebral artery occlusion. The experimental mice were divided into four groups: vehicle-sham group, PRR-sham group, vehicle-ischemia group, and PRR-treated ischemia group. The cerebral infarction volume was detected with TTC staining. The number of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 of the ischemic side, and the activation of astrocytes and microglia were observed via immunohistochemical staining. Western blotting was used to determine the expression changes of SOD1, SOD2, and Catalase protein levels in the hippocampus. Results: PRR significantly reduced the cerebral infarct volume induced by ischemic injury and inhibited the astrocytes and microglia activation in the hippocampal CA1 region. The decreased levels of SOD1, SOD2, and Catalase that was induced by ischemic reperfusion were simultaneously improved after PRR treatment. Conclusion: PRR improved neuronal injuries that were induced by transient cerebral ischemia via inhibiting gliosis and elevating anti-oxidants.
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Objective: To study the fingerprints of Paeoniae Radix Rubra in different habitats, and determine the content of five chemical components (gallic acid, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, benzoic acid, and benzoyl paeoniflorin) and systematically cluster them. The relationship between origin and content was analyzed by grey correlation degree to provide reference for the quality evaluation of Paeoniae Radix Rubra. Methods: Fingerprints of Paeoniae Radix Rubra from 21 different producing areas were constructed by high performance liquid chromatography. The results were classified by principal component analysis and systematic cluster analysis. The gray correlation degree method was used to process the index components and their relative correlations were calculated. Results: HPLC fingerprints of Paeoniae Radix Rubra from 21 habitats were established, 11 common peaks were confirmed, and five of them (gallic acid, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, benzoic acid, and benzoyl paeoniflorin) were identified. The similarity of Paeonia lactiflora was greater than 0.9, and the similarity of Paeonia veitchii was less than 0.9. It was divided into two categories by principal component analysis combined with cluster analysis. The results of grey correlation analysis showed that the relative correlation (ri) was the largest in Gansu, followed by Ganzi in Sichuan. Conclusion: There is a big difference in the relative yield of Paeoniae Radix Rubra in different habitats. This experiment provides a scientific basis for the quality evaluation of Paeoniae Radix Rubra by fingerprint analysis, principal component analysis combined system cluster analysis and grey correlation analysis method.
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Objective A high performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC) was established to simultaneously quantify the paeoniflorin, oxypaeoniflora, albiflorin, benzoyl paeoniflorin, benzoic acid, catechin, paeonol, gallic acid, and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O- galloy-D-glucose of Paeoniae Radix Rubra. Methods The mobile phase comprised of acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% phosphoric acid. Column temperature was 30 oC, flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, and chromatography was monitored at 230 nm. Results The correlation coefficients between concentration and chromatographic peak area of gallic acid, oxypaeoniflora, catechin, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloy-D-glucose, benzoic acid, benzoyl paeoniflorin, and paeonol were respectively over 0.999 in the ranges of 0.004-1.200, 0.010-1.500, 0.044-0.660, 0.038-1.140, 0.042-2.100, 0.050-1.250, 0.040-0.600, 0.042-1.260, and 0.004-1.080 mg/mL, with good precision, stability, repeatability, and recovery. Conclusion The method is effective, accurate and reproducible, and can be used for the quality control of Paeoniae Radix Rubra.
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The growth years of medicinal materials are closely related to their quality, and "Herb-chronology" has been used to determine the growth years of perennial dicotyledonous plants in recent years. On the basis of conventional paraffin section and freehand section, the anatomical study on roots of seven Sect. Paeonia species and main roots of cultivated Paeonia lactiflora was conducted in this paper. The results showed that, there existed some differences in microstructure of the seven species such as P. lactiflora, P. obovata, P. veitchii, P. mairei, P. anomala, P. sinjiangensis and P. anomala var. intermedia, and this could be used to distinguish different species. In the roots of seven Sect. Paeonia species, distinct growth rings were formed because that the different diameters or density of xylem vessels in the secondary xylem formed clusters and arranged interrupted rings in tangential direction. There were growth rings in the main roots of P. lactiflora cultivated 1-4 years in Siping, Jilin, which were all consistent with their growth years. Due to the similar growth characteristics between wild Sect. Paeonia species and cultivated P. lactiflora, the growth rings can provide a basis for the age identification and lay the foundation for the quality evaluation of Paeoniae Radix Rubra.
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The present study was designed to investigate the therapeutic effcts of Moutan Cortex (CM, root bark of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr) and Paeoniae Radix Rubra (PR, root of Paeonia veitchii Lynch) on metabolic disorders, focusing on the infuence of CM and PR on the obesity-related gut microbiota homeostasis. The diet-induced obese (DIO) mouse model was used to test the therapeutic effects of CM and PR. The mice were orally administered with CM and PR for 6 weeks, and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were performed to evaluate the insulin sensitivity of the mice. Sterol-regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) and their target genes were measured by quantitative RT-PCR. High-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene sequencing technology was used to determine the composition of gut microbiota, and the metabolites in serum were analyzed by GC-MS. Our results indicated that CM and PR combination alleviated obese and insulin resistance in the DIO mice, leading to increased glucose uptake and gene expression in muscle and liver, and down-regulated SREBPs and their target genes in liver. Interesting, neither the CM-PR extracts, nor the major components of CM and PR did not affect SREBPs activity in cultured cells. Meanwhile, CM and PR significantly modulated the gut microbiota of the high-fat diet (HFD) treated mice, similar to metformin, and CM-PR reversed the overall microbiota composition similar to the normal chow diet (NCD) treated mice. In conclusion, our results provide novel mechanisms of action for the effects of CM and PR in treating DIO-induced dysregulation of sugar and lipid metabolism.
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Animals , Humans , Male , Mice , Blood Glucose , Metabolism , Diet, High-Fat , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Homeostasis , Insulin , Metabolism , Metabolic Diseases , Drug Therapy , Genetics , Metabolism , Microbiology , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Paeonia , Chemistry , Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins , Genetics , MetabolismABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to the prepare the standard decoction of paeoniae radix rubra for its investigation of quality standard.The standard decoction of paeoniae radix rubra was dissolved by water using standardization method and the content of peoniflorin was determined by UPLC-DAD.Then the transfer rate and the rate of extractum were calculated,and the fingerprint analysis was carried out.As a result,the content of the standard decoction of paeonia lactiflora ranged from 3.79 to 5.68 mg·mL-1 from 15 paeoniflorin batches,while the transfer rate ranged from 56.58％ to 90.14％,and the average transfer rate was 73.97％ and the standard deviation was 10.91％.The rate of extractum ranged from 16.74％ to 29.24％,the average yield was 21.82％ and the standard deviation was 3.55％.There were eleven common peaks,four of which were identified,including oxypaeoniflorin,albiflorin,paeoniflorin and benzoylpaeoniflorin.In conclusion,it was demonstrated that the method was simple with good repeatability for the preparation and quality standard studies of the standard decoction of paeoniae radix rubra.
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Objective:To study the qualitative identification and quantitative analysis of Paeoniae radix Rubra in Fufang Fuqing lotion. Methods:TLC was used to identify Paeoniae radix Rubra. The content of paeoniflorinl was determined by HPLC. The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0. 01% phosphonic acid (13 ∶87), and the detection wavelength was 230 nm,the flow rate was 1. 0ml·min-1, the column temperature was 40℃,and the sample size was 10μl. Results:The results of TLC showed that the relevant spots were clear without any interference from the negative sample. The calibration curve of paeoniflorinl was linear within the range of 0. 070-4. 500 μg (r=1. 000 0). The average recovery was 98. 36% with RSD of 2. 73%(n=6). Conclusion:The methods are accurate and quick in the qualitative identification and quantitative assay of the preparation, which can be used for the quality control of Fufang Fuqing lo-tion.
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Objective: The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and two-dimension IR correlation infrared spectroscopy (2D-IR) were used for the identification of Paeoniae Radix Alba and Paeoniae Radix Rubraand their alcohol extracts. Methods: The FT-IR spectra method and 2D-IR correlation spectra method were used. Results: The structural information of samples indicated that Paeoniae Radix Alba and Paeoniae Radix Rubra contained a large amount of calcium oxalate and starch, since some characteristic absorption peaks of the calcium oxalate could be observed; And some characteristic absorption peaks in the range of 950-1 200 cm-1 of the starch can be observed, but their shape and location revealed minor differences. In the secondary derivative infrared spectra (SD-IR), both Paeoniae Radix Alba and Paeoniae Radix Rubra can be observed with the characteristic absorption peaks which in 518/517, 989 cm-1 and so on. Besides, these peaks at 989, 1 015, 1 052, 1 078, 1 105, and 1 161 cm-1 of Paeoniae Radix Rubra, almost of them which are single peak, were stronger than Paeoniae Radix Alba's and the same peaks in Paeoniae Radix Alba were jagged peaks, showing that the difference were related to the contents and structure of starch in Paeoniae Radix Alba and Paeoniae Radix Rubra. The characteristic absorption peaks of the peoniflorin which arouse at 1 716, 1 451, 1 347, 1 277, and 714 cm-1 in the FT-IR spectra of their alcohol extracts can be found. Moreover, the shape and intensity of the peaks were more distinct in the secondary derivative IR spectra of the different parts. For example, in the range of 900-980 cm-1, Paeoniae Radix Alba presented two groups of peaks: 935, 919 cm-1 (strong) and 962, 949 cm-1 (weak), while Paeoniae Radix Rubraonly presented one group of peaks: 941, 920 cm-1 (middle), showing that the difference was related to the content and structure of glucoside in Paeoniae Radix Alba and Paeoniae Radix Rubra. In the 2D-IR spectra, both had five auto-peaks at 887, 968, 1 008, 1 190, and 1 305 cm-1, which were the auto-peaks of glucoside, but the strongest auto-peak of Paeoniae Radix Alba was at 1 190 cm-1 and that of Paeoniae Radix Rubra's was at 968 cm-1. The spectra testified the glucoside compounds in Paeoniae Radix Alba and Paeoniae Radix Rubra were different. Conclusion: A lot of information of Paeoniae Radix Alba and Paeoniae Radix Rubra can be provided by FT-IR spectra method and 2D-IR correlation spectra method which can testify that the content and structure of substance in Paeoniae Radix Alba and Paeoniae Radix Rubra were different and can be used to analyze and distinguish Paeoniae Radix Alba and Paeoniae Radix Rubrapreliminarily which can make a good foundation for further research.
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Objective To improve the quality standard of Minuo Hair Solution and to ensure product quality .Methods Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) method was used for the qualitative identification of Angelicasinensis ,Paeoniae Radix Rubra ,Dictamni Cortex and minoxidil respectively .The Quantitive determination of mi-noxidil was completed by first order derivative spectroscopy .Results The spots in TLC were clear without inference .And the same color spots appeared in the corresponding position of references and reference drugs .The UV-Vis spectral absorption of minoxidil were in (230 ± 3) ,(262 ± 3) ,(286 ± 3) nm .The linear range of minoxidil was obtained between 6 .2 and 18 .6 μg/ml (r=0 .999 7) .The average recovery was 99 .4% (RSD=0 .22% ) .Conclusion The method is simple ,accurate and reproduci-ble ,and can be effectively used to control the quality of Minuo Hair Solution .
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Objective To investigate the damage of mice liver and kidney with the compatibility application of Paeoniae radix rubra and Veratrum nigrum, and explore its mechanism. Methods We examined the alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactic dehydrogenase, creatinine and urea nitrogen from serum, and glutathion peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) from liver and kidney tissue after intragastric administration of different ratio (4∶1, 2∶1, 1∶1, 1∶2, 1∶4) of Paeoniae radix rubra and Veratrum nigrum in mice for 22 d. Results Paeoniae radix rubra used with Veratrum nigrum did not induce the obvious damage to liver with AST increase, but induced the obvious damage to kidney. At the same time, the depressed GSH-Px activity and the increased MDA content were observed in kidney tissue. When Paeoniae radix rubra and Veratrum nigrum is on a ratio of 2∶1, the kidney injury was the most obvious. Conclusion Paeoniae radix rubra used with Veratrum nigrum in varying proportions could induce the kidney injury in mice which is related to the oxidation-antioxidation balance disturbance.
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Objective: To study the protective effect of the water extract from Paeoniae Radix Rubra (WEPRR) against myocardial ischemia in mice induced by isoproterenol (ISO). Methods: The mice were randomly divided into six groups: positive control, normal control, model, low-, mid-, and high-dose [0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 g/(kg·d)] WEPRR groups. The mice in WEPRR groups were ig administered with WEPRR, the mice in the positive control group were ig administered with 0.98% Di'ao Xinxue Kang [(0.195 g/(kg·d)], and the mice in normal and model groups were ig administered with the same volume of physiological saline once daily for consecutive 11 d. On the day 7 from the beginning of the ig administration, the mice in the model and WEPRR groups were ip perfused with 0.02 g/(kg·d) ISO. After 15 min of the last medication, the mice were anesthetized with isoflurane gas, the blood was collected through venous sinus of eye orbit, then the mice were killed. The heart tissues were rapidly removed from the mice, washed in physiological saline, soaked in filter paper, and stored in -80 C until use. The activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), creatine kinase (CK) in serum, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the heart of mice were determined, respectively. Results: Compared with the model group, the activities of LDH, CK-MB, and CK in serum, and the SOD of mice in the positive control and WEPRR groups were increased and the content of MDA in heart was decreased. Conclusion: The WEPRR has the cardioprotective activities on ISO-induced myocardial ischemia. © 2013 Tianjin Press of Chinese Herbal Medicines.
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Objective To investigate the hepatoprotective effects of Paeoniae Radix Rubra (PRR) at different doses against α-naphthylisothiocyanate (α-NIT)-induced acute cholestatic hepatitis in rats.Methods Rats were ig administrated with vehicle or PRR [(1,9,18,36,54,72,and 81 g/(kg·d)] 3 d before and 2 d after α-NIT (60 mg/kg) ig administration.The general status of rats,histopathology of liver,serum alanine aminotransaminase,aspartate aminotransaminase,total bilirubin,direct bilirubin,and alkaline phosphatase levels,were observed at respective time points (24 and 48 h) after α-NIT administration.Using cluster analysis and correspondence analysis,the dose-effect-response relationships of PRR were evaluated.Results The results showed that compared with model group,the serum biochemistry index significantly decreased with the increasing of PRR dosage (P ＜ 0.01),and the change and necrosis of hepatic cellula,and inflammatory cell infiltration were gradually alleviated.However,the improvement was not obviously found in the low-dose group [1 g/(kg·d)].The cluster analysis and correspondence analysis results showed that different doses of PRR could significantly ameliorate α-NIT-induced acute cholestatic hepatitis of rats in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion The experiments show that administration doses of PRR in clinical use should be added properly in order to gain the expectant therapeutic effect,especially in the treatment of heavy acute cholestasis hepatitis.